Service regulator



Dec. 5, 1939. F. NIESEMANN SERVICE REGULATOR Original Filed July 23,1.934 2 Sheets-Sheet. 1

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MMMPW W Patented Dec. 5, 1939 SERVICE REGULATOR Fritz Niesemann,Pittsburgh, Pa., assignor to Pittsburgh Equitable Meter Company,Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania.

Original application July 23, 1934. Serial No.

REISSUED 736,595. Divided and this application September 2, 1938, SerialNo. 228.224

Claims. (01. 50-20) The present invention relates to methods andapparatus for regulating gas pressures, and more particularly to methodsand apparatus for regulating pressures in response to changes in flow 6in the type of apparatus commonly known to the trade as serviceregulators.

In certain weight loaded or spring loaded regulators of this type asheretofore constructed, as the flow through the regulator increases, the

10 outlet pressure drops, this drop being caused among other things, bychange in effective area of the diaphragm, the impact effect of the gas,and the swirling and internal losses of the gas in passing from theregulator body into the line:

and in the spring loaded type, a further drop is caused by expansion ofthe spring which changes the spring load on the diaphragm. However,regulators of this type are intended to keep the outlet pressureconstant within the whole range of the capacity of the regulator, and insome cases it is desired even to increase the outlet pressurewithincreased rate of flow to compensate for line pressure drop betweenthe regulator and point'of application of the gas.

This tendency of the outlet pressure to fall oil heretofore has beenovercome by using a suitable loading or boosting device in which theregulator chamber is sealed from the valve, the valve operating meanspassing through a' relatively lo0se,stufilng box or small sealingdiaphragm, and a differential pressure creating device in the outlet ofthe regulator is connected with the diaphragm chamber. However, suchdevices are complicated, expensive to manufacture and too costly for useon small sized pipe lines where simplicity of construction isverydesirable.

Further, unless the regulator is properly designed there is a tendencyof the diaphragm to pulsate and cause rapid fluctuations in the rate offlow from the outlet.

, According to the present invention, the regulator chamber is connectedto the outlet of the regulator, and the incoming gas to the regulator isdirected at a relatively high non-swirling ve- 5 locity through theregulator chamber into the outlet pipe of the regulator therebyaspirating the regulator chamber, and the movement of the regulator tomaintain the pressure constant in the regulator chamber further opensthe valve thereby causing a higher outlet pressure of the regulator orloading of the line pressure. The flow capacity of the regulator also isincreased. It is my theory that the non-confined flow of gas in thespace between the inlet and outlet of u the regulator assumes the formof a streamline flow with a ven'a contracta similar to the fiow in aVenturi tube. and the aspirating effect is due to the high velocity atthe vena contracts.

Another possible theory is that the inner film of gas adheres or clingsto the surface .of the 85 valve as it passes therealong, from the inletto the outlet, the suction effect in the outlet preventing excessivespreading of the outer film of the gas stream so as to produce anaspirating effect. According to this theory it is necessary 10 only toguide, direct or induce the gas to flow along one surface only. such asthe valve surface, the gas being maintained in its direction of fiow byadhesion to the valve surface causing it to assume a stream line fiow.This unconfined 16 stream line flow, whatever may be the theoreticalexplanation thereof, I call a directed unconfined flow. However, I donot wish to be confined to this theory in claiming my invention. With myconstruction it is not necessary to shape 20 the walls of the spacebetweenthe inlet and outlet of the regulator to confinethe gas to aVenturi form, and consequently this space becomes a part of theregulator chamber, and the valve operating means can be passed throughthe regu- 25 lator chamber without the use of a stufling box or othersealing means to separate the regulator chamber from the inlet oroutlet.

Where a spring is employed for loading the diaphragm in a regulatordesigned according to 30 my invention, the spring load on the diaphragmis decreased because of the expansion of the spring which follows thetravel of the diaphragm.

I overcome this decrease in spring load by using a spring designed sothat its change in length 35 produces a relatively small change in thepressure exerted thereby on the diaphragm. The tendency of the diaphragmto pulsate is overcome by providing a damping air chamber or relativelysmall volume on the side opposite the rego ulator chamber with arelatively small vent therefor. Further, I employ a valve seatingmaterial which has the required toughness to resist cutting by the valveand is soft enough to provide complete shutofi at relatively low clos- 5ing pressures.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention I provide a regulatorhaving its 'inlet and outlet in substantial alignment and a valveassembly whereinthe valve is surrounded by a fixed sleeve 50 whichterminates short of the outlet and gives to the incoming gas its formand directs it into the outlet pipe. The diaphragm chamber is directlyconnected to the space between the inlet and outlet which forms a partthereof and is aspirated by the gas flowing therethrough. Thisaspiration of the diaphragm chamber increases with increase in flow andthereby permits further movement of the diaphragm in the direction toopen the valve.

The aerodynamically designed sleeve of this invention can be applied toregulators already in use whereby such regulators will operate toincrease the outlet pressure with increased rate of flow and it iswithin the scope of my present invention to modify existing regulatorsby the addition of this novel sleeve.

The valve is fully opened when the valve clos ure is at a distance fromthe valve seat of about one-fourth the diameter of the inlet oriflce,and the movement of the diaphragm therefore is this distance times theleverage connecting the diaphragm to the valve. The spring employed forloading the diaphragm has such properties that a change in elongation ofthe spring equal to the movement of the diaphragm between full open andfull closed positions of the valve causes a change in loading effect ofthe spring within the limit of boost caused by the aspirator efl'ect inthe regulator. In this way the outlet pressure may be maintainedconstant or an actual boost in outlet pressure can be accomplished. Thespring is initially compressed to provide a flxed minimum or initialload on the diaphragm, and the length of the compressed spring is suchas to provide for adjustment of outlet pressures over a wide range whilemaintaining the spring load on the diaphragm within the limits of boostof the regulator. The stiffer the spring the greater the range ofadjustment possible within certain limits.

In the spring loaded type pulsation is eliminated by having the coverclosely conform to the diaphragm thereby providing a small air chamberfor damping which has a small vent to the atmosphere. In the we ghtloaded type of regulator this is not feasible because it often isdesired to change the number of weights. Accordingly, in this type Iprovide a cover for the weights and the cover for the diaphragm closelyconforms to the weight cover. In this way a change in the number ofweights does not change the damping effect.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide amethod of regulating pressures to overcome the tendency for the outletpressure to drop with increase in load, by passing gas at a relativelyhigh velocity through the regulator chamber into the outlet to producean aspirator efl'ect tending to lower the pressure in the regulatorchamber.

Another object is the provision of an apparatus regulating gas pressuresin which means is provided for passing gas at a relatively high velocitythrough the regulator chamber into the outlet in a form to produce anaspirator effect tending to lower the pressure in the regulator chamber.

Another object is the provision of a regulator having an increased flowcapacity.

A further object is the provision of a regulator having a large directconnection with the outlet,

' thereby eliminating sealing means between the diaphragm chamber andoutlet.

A further object is the provision of a damping air chamber over thediaphragm of relatively small volume and having a relatively small ventto the atmosphere to prevent pulsation of the diaphragm.

Still another object is the provision of a spring loaded regulator inwhich the spring as asma l change in loading effect through the range ofoperative elongation.

Still another object is the provision of a valve seat having therequired degree of toughness and softness to give complete closing ofthe valve over a long period of time.

Still another object of my present invention is the provision of a novelvalve assembly comprising an aerodynamically designed sleeve which canbe applied to regulators already in use to improve the operatingcharacteristics of such regulators so that in operation the supplypressure will increase with an increased rate of flow.

Other objects of the present invention are to provide a pressureregulator responsive to flow conditions which is of simple design,inexpensive to manufacture and is efllcient in operation. Other objectswill be apparent from a consideration of the following description takenin connection with the annexed drawings in which:

Figure 1 shows a preferred embodiment of my invention in verticalsection:

Figure 2 is a fragmentary section view of the casing on line II-II ofFigure 1', the lever and u valve being shown in elevation:

vFigure 3 is an enlarged section of the valve and seat taken on lineIlI--III of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a diagrammatic enlarged view of a regulator having myinvention applied thereto. the valve being shown in open position andthe flow of the fluid being indicated;

Figure 5 is a similar diagrammatic enlarged view of a regulator withoutthe invention, the lines showing the flow of the fluid;

Figure 6 shows a vertical section of a modification of my inventionusing loading weights;

Figure 7 shows curves representing the relation of flow to outletpressure of the regulators illustrated in Figures 4 and 5:

Figure 8 is a fragmentary view in section showing an adjustment: and

Figures 9 and 10 are detail views of a modified form of adjustment.

This application is a division of my co-pending application, Serial No.736,595, filed July 23, 1934.

Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings, the the pressure regulator in itsgeneral construction is of well known form and comprises a lower shellor casing l and a cover 2 detachably secured thereto by bolts or similarmeans. A flexible diaphragm i is clamped at its periphery between thecover and lower casing and an attachment lug 4 is secured thereto by ascrew 5 passing through the diaphragm 3, the washer 8 and plates 1 and 8in well known manner. The bottom chamber 8 is subject to the outletpressure of the gas, and the upper chamber i0 is vented to theatmosphere by a small vent hole ll. iiihe cover 2 leaves a relativelysmall air space above the diaphragm, and in conjunction with the smallvent hole effectively damps or prevents pulsation of the diaphragm.

The lower shell is tapped and threaded to provide an inlet connection l2and an outlet connection I3, the outlet connection being in constantcommunication with the regulator chamber 9 through a suitable largelateral passage 9' which may be considered as part of the regulatorchamber. A valve assembly comprises a hollow bushing or valve member I4(Figures 1 and 3) which is threaded into the inlet until sealingshoulder i5 is abutted. The valve member H has a reduced portion itwhich is tapered at its end to provide a sharp edge i1, and it will beseen that in the open position gas flows throttled by a valve seatmember I! of the valve assembly comprising a cup like shell 2i withinwhich is secured the valve seat. This seat comprises a disc 22 of steforother suitable material having an undercut groove 23 and a seat ofparaprene" is vulcanized-thereto and inserted in the shell 2i, and isretained in place by striking out or punching the metal cup 2i oppositethe undercut portion, or in any other suitable manner. "Paraprene is animitation or synthetic rubber product produced by polymerization ofdivinyl and contains suflicient mineral filler to give it a density ofabout 75 or 80 by durometer test. It is highly resistant to gasoline andother aliphatic hydrocarbons. A spring wire retainer 24 passes through ahole in the side of shell 2i and is coiled about the inside thereofaround the steel disc which has a reduced end to acconunodate the same.The

opposite end of the wire is reversely bent in hairpin shape and passesthrough a hole 25 in lever 26 which is pivoted at 21 to the lower shellI and is pivotally secured at its other end to the bifurcated attachinglug 4. As shown in Figure 2, the end of lever 28, to which the valve I8is secured, is of less width than the diameter of the valve and thuslies substantially within the confines of the gas stream, which, asexplained below, is of tubular form.

A sleeve 30 forming part of the valve assembly surrounds the valvemember II and seat member is being secured thereto by a set screw 29,and is spaced sumciently from the seat membar is to provide an annulararea 3i whereby gas can flow from the inlet i2 through the pas-. sage 8'when the valve is open. The sleeve 30 and valve member llmay be in theform of an integral fitting if it is so desired. The annular passage iiis substantially in alignment with the outlet II so that gas flows atrelatively high velocity through the annular area 3i. across passage andinto the outlet i3 thereby producing an ejector or aspirator effectwithin chamber 9 tending to aspirate or exhaust the same' so that theactual pressure within the chamber 8 is less than the gas pressurewithin the outletpassage if. It is therefore evident, as shown in Figure4. that a tubular fiow of the fluid is first induced followed by anexpansion of the fluid stream into the form of a solid cylindrical body.The sleeve preferablyiat all times pro- Jects above the bottom of thevalve seat so that regardless of the amount the valve is opened the areaof the annular space or inlet 3i remains nearly or substantiallyconstant. The greater the flow of gas through the ejector sleeve 30 thelower will be the pressure in chamber 8. A threaded cap or cover 32 islocated at the side of the casing and provides access to the valvemember is and fulcrum 21 for assembling the parts.

The ring 30 may be readily applied to existing regulators, the form ofmounting shown permitting such replacement to be readily made. The topof the fitting which corresponds to valve member it in existingregulators may be shaped to receive the ring 30, or a fitting similar tofitting ll may be provided.

The cover 2 carries a spring 35 within a suitable recess, and anadjustment nut 38 within the sleeve is set to develop the desiredpressure upon the diaphragm 3. This sleeve is adapted to be closed andsealed by a cover '31. The spring is designed so that it is initiallycompressed to about two-thirds of its length to provide its.normalworking pressure and the full adjustment range between high and lowoutlet pressures is made by a variation of one-third of the length ofthe spring.

In operation, the inlet I2 is connected to a gas main and the outletpipe leads to a gas burner or other domestic gas consuming appliance. Inthe closed position of valve i4, i0, and with no gas being consumed thepredetermined pressure of the spring 35 is balanced by the gas pressurein chamber 9. As soon as a burner is turned on and gas fiows thereto thepressure in chamber 9 is reduced and no longer balances spring 35whereupon the spring forces the diaphragm 3 downward, pivoting lever 28about its fulcrum 21 and causing the seat It to rise and open passageIB. .This permits gas to flow into the regulator chamber 8 to restorethe pressure.

Referring to Figure 5, it will be seen that in the ordinary type serviceregulator the gas spreads out into the connecting passage 8' in more orless swirling flow, and is even apt to strike the diaphragm therebyraising the same against the action of the'spring. Raising the diaphragmhas the efi'ect of reducing the outlet pressure, and thus, in thisconstruction," the outlet pressure falls of! rapidly as the fiowincreases. Heretofore, it was thought necessary to restrict or seal thepassage 8' to prevent this action. Referring to Figure 4, it will beseen that the gas is directed through the annular space 8| into theoutlet in streamline form with a 'vena contracta, or an expansion of thefiuid stream, which aspirates the chamber 8 through the passage 9'. Thisevacuating or aspirating effect tends to pull down on the diaphragm andincreases the outlet pressure with increase of fiow.

The action of the regulators shown in Figures 4 and will be betterunderstood by a comparison of the test curves shown in Figure '7. Theregulators are identical except that the one shown in Figure 4 has thesleeve or ring 30 applied thereto. Curve A represents the outletpressure of a inch spring type regulator employing my invention as showninFigure 4, and curve B represents the outlet pressure of the regulatorwith the ring 30 removed, as shown in Figure 5. Curve C represents theoutlet pressure of a regulator employing the ring 30 of my invention,but spring 35 has been replaced with a spring of usual form. The outletpressure is set for five inches of water. It will be seen from curves Aand C that there is a marked diilerence in the outlet pressure as thevolume flow increases. In curve A the outlet pressure remains close to5" of water until the fiow gets to about 250 cubic feet per hour, andthen rises, whereas in curve B the outlet pressure rapidly falls afterabout 150 cubic feet per hour .fiow. Curve C is substantially parallelwith curve A after the flow gets to about 400 cubic feet per hour. Itwill be seen from a comparison of curves A and C that the combinedeffect of spring 35 and ring 30 of the present invention is toshift'curve C upwardly. Further, it will be seen that the capacity ofthe regulator shown in Figure 4 is greatly increased. Capacity ismeasured as the volume flow at a pressure not less than one inch belowthe set pressure, and according to curve B the capacity is about 280cubic feet per hour whereas the curve A shows the capacity to be wellabout 800 cubic feet per hour.

In the modification shown in Figure 6, a series of weights is-employedto load the regulator diaphragm. Like parts in this modification arecorrespondingly numbered. The diaphragm I is clamped between the body Iand a cover 2', which is high enough to permit the insertion of a weightcase 38 upon the diaphragm. A screw 39 passes through the weight case,the bottom of which is used to replace upper plate I, and passes throughthe diaphragm 3 and lower plate I, the attachment lug 4 being securedthereto. A plurality of weights 4!! are located in the weight case forloading the diaphragm and the case is covered by a suitable frictioncover 4i held in place by a nut 42 threaded on the screw 88.

It will be observed that the cover 2' closely conforms to the shape andsize of the weight case 38 so as to leave a relatively small air spacetherebetween. and the vent Ii is also very small. The clearance at thetop is just about enough to permit movement of the diaphragm with asmall factor of safety in the clearance. The volume of air in thischamber is very small and the movement of the diaphragm and weightcasing produces a high compression in the chamber which escapes onlyslowly and produces a damping action on the diaphragm movements.

The structure shown in Figure 1 is designed to give substantially themaximum pressure boost in the outlet of the regulator, and in some casesan adjustment of the amount by which the outlet pressure increases asthe flow increases may be desirable. Figures 8, 9- and 10 discloseadjusting means which may be applied to the regulator of Figure 1 or themodified regulator of Figure 6.

Referring to Figure 8, a vane or shield 43 is carried by a rod or shaft44, the latter being Joumalled in suitable openings in the cover -I. Theshaft 44 preferably projects outside of the housing so that it can beturned to adjust the position of the vane 43. The vane 43 may bepositioned by turning shaft 44 to divert part of the gas stream issuingfrom the ring 30 into the diaphragm chamber where it creates an impactpressure, thus lowering the amount by which the outlet pressure willincrease with an increased rate of flow. When the vane 44 is rotatedcounter-clockwiseto the dotted line position, it will not interfere withthe stream issuing from the ring 30.

Figures 9 and 10 disclose a similar type of ad- Justment where theadjustable shield or vane is mounted on the lever 26. A vane 45 issecured to the flat top of the lever 28 by a screw 46. By loosening thescrew 46, the vane 45 can be set in the dotted line position to divert apart of the stream issuing from the. ring 30 into the diaphragm chamber.The adjustment shown by Figures 9 and 10 can be added to the regulatorin the field by substituting a lever 26 fltted with the vane 45 and thescrew 46 for the lever already in the regulator.

The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departingfrom the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The presentembodiment is therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrativeand not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by theappended claims rather than'by the foregoing description, and allchanges which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of theclaims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

what is claimed and desired to be secured by United States LettersPatent is:

i. In a pressure regulator or controller, a casing providing a pressurecontrol chamber, a control member adapted to fluctuate in response tochanges in pressure within said chamber, an inlet for fluid underpressure, an outlet opposite said inlet, a valve assembly comprising avalve seat at the inner end of said inlet and a valve having a facearranged to co-operate with said seat for controlling fluid flow intosaid chamber, said valve assembly comprising means to induce atubularfluid flow around the face of said valve expanding beyond thevalve to form a substantially solid cylindrical stream, and meanslocated between the valve face and the expanded portion of the fluidstream and connecting said control member and said valve to move saidvalve to and from its seat in response to fluctuations of said controlmember, said means being of a width less than the diameter of said valvewhereby said stream passes directly and substantially uninterruptedlyinto said outlet to create an aspirating effect in said chamber.

2. In a pressure regulator or controller, a casing providing a pressurecontrol chamber, a control member adapted to fluctuate in response tochanges in pressure within said chamber, an inlet for fluid underpressure, an outlet opposite said inlet, a valve assembly comprising avalve seat at the inner end of said inlet and a valve having a facearranged to co-operate with said seat for controlling fluid flow intosaid chamber, said valve assembly comprising means to induce a tubularfluid flow around the face of said valve expanding beyond the valve toform a substantially solid cylindrical stream, and means located betweenthe valve face and the expanded portion of the fluid stream andconnecting said -control member and said valve to move said valve to andfrom said valve seat in response to fluctuations of said control member,said means lying substantially within the confines of 'the tubularportion of said stream whereby said stream passes directly andsubstantially uninterruptedly into said outlet to create an aspiratingeffect in said chamber.

3. In a pressure regulator or controller, a casing providing a pressurecontrol chamber, a control member adapted to fluctuate in response tochanges in pressure within said chamber, an inlet for fluid underpressure, an outlet opposite said inlet, a valve assembly comprising avalve seat at the inner end of said inlet and a valve having afacearranged to co-operate with said seat for controlling fluid flow intosaid chamber, said valve assembly comprising a tubular membersurrounding and spaced from said valve seat and valve. and of a lengthto extend to a point adjacent the seat end of said valve when the valveis in full open position to induce a tubular flow around the face ofsaid valve expanding beyond the valve to form a substantially solidcylindrical stream, and means located between the -valve face and theexpanded portion of the fluid stream and connecting said control memberand said valve to move said valve to and from its seat in response tofluctuations of said control member, said means lying substantiallywithin the confines of the tubular portion of said stream whereby saidstream passes directly and substantially uninterruptedly into saidoutlet to create an aspirating effect in said chamber.

4. In a pressure regulator or controller, a cassaid valve assemblycomprising a collar mounted around said valve seat and extending to apoint adjacent the seat end of said valve when the valve is in full openposition to induce a tubular flow around the face of said valveexpanding beyond the valve to form a substantially solid cylindricalstream, said collar being slightly larger in diameter than said valveseat and valve to define an annular space therearound, and means locatedbetween the valve face and the expanded portion of the fluid stream andconnecting said control member and said valve to move said valve to andfrom its seat in response to fluctuations of said control member, saidmeans lying substantially within the'conflnes of the tubular portion ofsaid stream whereby said fluid stream passes directly and substantiallyuninterruptedly into said outlet to create an aspirating eiiect in saidchamber.

5. In a pressure regulator, the combination with a casing having aninlet and an outlet opening in substantial axial alignment, of adiaphragm in said casing disposed at one side of the common axis of saidinlet and outlet openings, a valve seat threaded in said inlet openingand having an external annular flange, a valve member co-operating withsaid seat and operatively connected with said diaphragm, said valvemember and diaphragm beingmounted in a common chamber within saidcasing, and said chamber being clear and unobstructed except for saidvalve member and connections, so that gas may flow freely therethrough,and a hollow cylindrical baille surrounding said inlet opening, and said"valve member being mounted to reciprocate within said baflie but out ofcontact therewith, whereby an annular passage between said valve memberand baflle is provided, and the latter serves to direct the current ofgas toward said outlet opening, and prevent it from impinging upon saiddiaphragm.

6. In a pressure regulator or controller, a casing providing a pressurecontrol chamber, a diaphragm in said chamber adapted to move in responseto changes in pressure within said chamber, a spring biasingsaiddiaphragm in one direction, an inletior fluid under pressure, anoutlet opposite said inlet, a valve assembly comprising a valve seat atthe inner end of said inlet anda valve having a face arranged tocooperate with said seat for controlling fluid flow into said chamber,said valve assembly comprising means to induce a tubular fluid flowaround the face of said valve expanding beyond the valve to formasubstantially solid. cylindrical stream, and means located "between thevalve face and the expanded portion of the fluid stream and connectingsaid diaphragm and said valve.

. to move said valve to and from its seat in re chamber" to oiiset thechange in load caused by fluctuations of said diaphragm, said) to createan aspirating effect in FRITZ thechange in elongation of the springbetween full open and full closed positions of the valve.

'7. In a pressure regulator or controller, a casing providing a pressurecontrol chamber, a diaphragm in said chamber adaptedto move in responseto changes in pressure within said chamber, a spring biasing saiddiaphragm in one direction, an inlet for fluid under pressure, an outletopposite said inlet, a valve assembly comprising a valve seat at theinner end of said inlet and a valve having a face arranged to cooperatewith said seat for controlling fluid flow into said chamber, said valveassembly comprising a tubular member to'induce a tubular fluid fiowaround the face of said valve expanding beyond the'valve to form asubstantially solid, cylindrical stream, and means located between thevalve face and the expanded portion of the I I fluid stream andconnecting said diaphragm and said valve to move said valve to and fromits seat in response to fluctuations of said diaphra'gm, said meansbeing of a-width less than the diameter of said valve whereby saidstream passes directly and substantially uninterruptedly into saidoutlet to create an aspirating effect in said chamber to offset thechange in load caused by the change in alongation of the spring betweenfull open and full closed positions of the valve. o. v

8. In a pressure regulator, a pressure responsive chamber, an outlet incommunication with said pressure responsive chamber. an inlet to,

said pressure responsive chamber adapted to pro- Ject gas toward saidoutlet at a relatively high velocity to create an aspirating effect insaid pressure responsive chamber, pressure responsive means subject tothe pressure in said chamber for controlling flow through said inlet,and ad- Justable means to divert part of the gas stream into saiddiaphragm chamber..

9. The combination of claim 8 wherein said adjustable means comprises apivotally mounted vane adapted .to be moved into the gas'streamprojected from said inlet.

10. In a pressure regulator; the combination with a casing having aninlet and an outlet opening in substantial axial-alignment, of adiaphragm in said casing disposed at one side of the common axis of saidinlet and outlet openings, a valve assembly comprising a valve seat atthe inner end of said inlet, and a second valve assembly having a face.varranged to cooperate with said seat for controlling fluid flow intosaid said valve seat and valve to define an annular space therearound,and means located between the valve case and the expanded portion 01'the fluid stream and connecting said control member and said valve tomove said valve to and from its seat in response to fluctuations of saiddiaphragm, said means lying substantially within the confines of thetubular portion or said stream whereby said fluid stream passes directlyand substantially uninterruptedly into said outlet said chamber.NIESEMANN.

